Southern Airways (IATA: SO, ICAO: SOU, Call sign: Southern) was a regional airline operating in the United States from its founding by Frank Hulse in 1949 until 1979 when it merged with North Central Airlines to become Republic Airlines, which on October 1, 1986, became part of Northwest Airlines, which in 2008 became a part of Delta Air Lines. Southern was headquartered at William B. Hartsfield Airport, near Atlanta.[1]
Original aircraft and routes[]
Southern Airways began operations with Douglas DC-3s in the south-central portion of the U.S. In 1955 routes spanned from Memphis south to New Orleans and east to Charlotte and Jacksonville. By 1968, Southern's route system extended from its most northerly stop at the Tri-Cities regional airport in Tennessee south to New Orleans and Jacksonville. At the western boundary of Southern's route system were Baton Rouge and Monroe, Louisiana. Routes extended eastward to the Atlantic Ocean at Myrtle Beach and Charleston.
Transition into the jet age[]
Southern began acquiring 40-passenger Martin 4-0-4 piston airliners secondhand from Eastern Air Lines in 1961, and its final DC-3 was retired in 1967. The airline began acquiring 65-75 passenger Douglas DC-9-10s in 1967 and 85-95 passenger DC-9-30s in 1969. Some of these were bought new from the manufacturer. Southern did not operate turboprop aircraft as a transition from propeller equipment to pure jets, as many other airlines did. However, by the time of the merger with North Central, Southern had replaced its Martins with a small fleet of 19-passenger Fairchild Metro II turboprop commuter airliners.
1970s[]
Douglas DC-9-15 of Southern Airways at Atlanta, Georgia, in October 1973
By 1971, Southern was operating flights into New York City and Chicago and as far south as Orlando and Miami. Because U.S. government regulation of airline routes prohibited Southern from operating flights from New York or Washington, D.C. nonstop to Atlanta, an unusual route developed which provided multiple daily flights from New York and Washington nonstop to Columbus, Georgia, then on to Dothan, Alabama; Mobile, Alabama; Panama City, Florida, Eglin Air Force Base, Florida; and/or Gulfport/Biloxi, Mississippi. Southern remained a regional airline in character, and flights with up to five or six stops were frequently found in their published schedules.
With increasing acquisitions of DC-9 jet aircraft, many routes once served with propeller-driven aircraft were served with jets. Relatively small communities were linked by jets. Jet transportation was provided to hubs at Atlanta and Memphis, sometimes with multiple stops. Some examples of these unusual routes include:
- Columbus, Georgia to Washington, DC. and New York/Newark.
- Meridian, Mississippi to Birmingham, Alabama; Columbus, Mississippi; and Laurel/Hattiesburg, Mississippi.
- Tuscaloosa, Alabama to Atlanta, Georgia and Columbus, Mississippi.
- Muscle Shoals/Florence, Alabama to Memphis, Tennessee and Huntsville/Decatur, Alabama.
- Greenville, Mississippi to Memphis, Tennessee and Monroe, Louisiana.
- Columbia, South Carolina to Greenville/Spartanburg and Charleston, South Carolina.
- Albany, Georgia to Atlanta, Georgia; Valdosta, Georgia; Dothan, Alabama; and Columbus, Georgia.
None of these routes is served with full-size jet aircraft as of 2011. Some of these airports no longer have scheduled airline service.
By the mid-1970s, Southern's route system had expanded significantly to include St. Louis, Detroit, Ft. Lauderdale and Grand Cayman, Southern's only international destination.
Southern Airways billed itself as the "Route of the Aristocrats." [2] and used the slogan "Nobody's Second Class on Southern" in its television commercials. They were famous for their promotional shot glasses: for a time, differently designed shot glasses were issued each year. Original Southern shot glasses are valued by collectors of airline memorabilia.
During the early 1970s, before strict airport security was implemented across the United States, several airlines experienced hijacking incidents. One such incident occurred on November 10, 1972, when a Southern Airways DC-9 enroute from Memphis to Miami was hijacked during a stopover in Birmingham, Alabama. The three hijackers boarded the plane in Birmingham armed with handguns and hand grenades. At gunpoint, the hijackers took the airplane, the plane’s crew of four, and 27 passengers to nine American cities, Toronto, and eventually to Havana, Cuba. During the long flight, the hijackers threatened to crash the plane into the Oak Ridge, Tennessee, nuclear facilities, insisted on talking with President Richard Nixon, and demanded a ransom of $10 million. Southern Airways, however, was only able to come up with $2 million. Eventually, the pilot talked the hijackers into settling for the $2 million when the plane landed in Chattanooga for refueling. Upon landing in Havana, the Cuban authorities arrested the hijackers and, after a brief delay, sent the plane, passengers, and crew back to the United States. The hijackers and $2 million stayed in Cuba.
How did Southern Airways account for and report the hijacking payment in its subsequent financial statements? As you might have analyzed, the initial entry credited Cash for $2 million. The debit was to an account entitled “Hijacking Payment.” This account was reported as a type of receivable under “other assets” on Southern’s balance sheet. The company maintained that it would be able to collect the cash from the Cuban government and that, therefore, a receivable existed. In fact, Southern Airways was repaid $2 million by the Cuban government, which was attempting to improve relations with the United States.[3]
Difficulties and merger[]
Template:Ref improve section By the late 1970s, Southern Airways began to experience difficulties. Two fatal accidents (See Southern Airways Flight 932 November 14, 1970 and Southern Airways Flight 242 April 4, 1977) blighted the airline's otherwise excellent safety record. Improved highways and an increasing willingness among passengers to drive to airports farther away for more convenient flights made many of Southern's routes obsolete. With dramatic increases in the price of jet fuel in the 1970s, many of Southern's routes were no longer cost-effective.
On July 1, 1979, Southern merged with North Central Airlines to form Republic Airlines and the "Route of the Aristocrats" came to an end.Template:Citation needed
Cities served[]
Template:Col-3- Anderson, S. C.
- Albany, Ga.
- Anniston, Ala.
- Athens, Ga.
- Atlanta, Ga.
- Baton Rouge, La.
- Birmingham, Ala.
- Charleston, S.C.
- Charlotte, N.C.
- Chattanooga, Tenn.
- Columbia, S.C.
- Columbus, Ga.
- Columbus, Miss.
- Decatur, Ala.
- Detroit, Mich.
- Dothan, Ala.
- Eglin Air Force Base, Fla.
- Gadsden, Ala.
- Greenville, Miss.
- Greenville, S.C.
- Spartanburg, S.C.
- Greenwood, Miss.
- Greenwood, S.C.
- Gulfport, Miss.
- Biloxi, Miss.
- Hattiesburg, Miss.
- Huntsville, Ala.
- Jackson, Miss.
- Jackson, Tenn.
- Jacksonville, Fla.
- Knoxville, Tenn.
- Laurel, Miss.
- Memphis, Tenn.
- West Memphis, Ark.
- Meridian, Miss.
- Mobile, Ala.
- Montgomery, Ala.
- Monroe, La.
- Moultrie, Ga.
- Muscle Shoals, Ala.
- Florence, Ala.
- Sheffield, Ala.
- Tuscumbia, Ala.
- Myrtle Beach, S.C.
- Nashville, Tenn.
- Natchez, Miss.
- New York LaGuardia, NY [4]
- New Orleans, La.
- Panama City, Fla.
- Pascagoula, Miss.
- Rockwood, Tenn.
- Shelbyville, Tenn.
- Tullahoma, Tenn.
- Tri-Cities, Tenn.
- Bristol, Tenn.
- Bristol, Va.
- Johnson City, Tenn.
- Kingsport, Tenn.
- Tupelo, Miss.
- Tuscaloosa, Ala.
- University/Oxford, Miss.
- Valdosta, Ga.
- Tampa, Fla.
- Orlando, Fla.
- Vicksburg, Miss.[5]
Fleet[]
- Douglas DC-3
- Martin 4-0-4
- Douglas DC-9-14 - 27 used
- Douglas DC-9-15 - 9 used, including a DC-9-15F
- Douglas DC-9-31 - 9 used
- Douglas DC-9-32F - 1 used
- Swearingen Metroliner
References[]
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